C. Hart Merriam Papers, Volume 1: Papers Relating to Work with California Indians, 1850-1974, bulk (bulk 1898-1938)

Summary

Creators:

Merriam, C. Hart, (Clinton Hart), 1855-1942

Abstract:

Field notes, vocabulary schedules, manuscripts, typescripts, notebooks, clippings, and printed matter relating to Merriam's work with California and other Indian tribes (1898-1938). Primary material includes lists of tribes, bands and villages of California Indian tribes; ethnogeographic and ethnographic information; and lists of Indian words and their meanings. Secondary material includes Merriam's research files containing clippings and other printed matter on Indian tribes and Indian welfare in California and the West. Also included are manuscripts and typescripts of Merriam's published work on California Indians and typescripts of Robert Heizer's compilations of Merriam's work, published posthumously.

Extent:

Number of microfilm reels: 142 Originals: Number of containers: 21 cartons, 22 boxes, 10 volumes, 1 oversize folder Linear feet: 42.37

Language:

English

Background

Biographical / historical:

Date	Event
1855	Born in New York, December 5 to Clinton Levi Merriam, a merchant, banker, and member of Congress and Caroline Hart Merriam. Siblings include an older brother, Charles Collins Merriam, and younger sister, Florence Merriam. Florence married an associate of C. Hart's, Vernon Bailey.
1872	Naturalist, Hayden Survey of the territories.
1877	A Review of the Birds of Connecticut published.
1879-1885	Received M.D. degree Columbia University. Practiced medicine for six years.
1883	Surgeon, S.S. Proteus Arctic Seal Fishery from Newfoundland.
1884	Mammals of the Adirondacks published.
1885-1910	Appointed Special Agent in charge of Economic Ornithology under the Division of Entomology of the Department of Agriculture. This division evolved into the U.S. Biological Survey, of which Merriam was named chief. He held the position for twenty-five years.
1886	October 15. Married Virginia Elizabeth Gosnel.
1889	U.S. Biological Survey to the San Francisco Mountains, Arizona. Merriam developed the life zone concepts.
1890	May 21. Daughter Dorothy born.
1891	U.S. Biological Survey of Death Valley, California. Merriam revised and expanded the life zone concepts.
1891	Appointed by President Harrison to a commission to investigate the problems of pelagic sealing in the Bering Sea.
1891-1892	President, Biological Society of Washington.
1892	April 14. Daughter Zenaida born.
1898	U.S. Biological Survey of Mount Shasta, California.
1899	Harriman Alaska Expedition.
1900-1902	President, American Ornithologist's Union.
1905	"Indian Population of California" published.
1907	"Distribution and Classification of the Mewan Indians of California" published.
1910	Resigned from U.S. Biological Survey. Began biological and ethnological investigations with financial support from the E. H. Harriman Fund. Ethnological work was primarily with California Indian tribes. Continued until 1936.
1910	Dawn of the World published.
1917-1925	Chairman, U.S. Board on Geographic Names.
1919-1921	President, American Society of Mammalogists.
1920-1921	President, Anthropological Society of Washington.
1924-1925	President, American Society of Naturalists.
1928	An-nik-a-del, the History of the Universe, as told by the Modes-se Indians of California published.
1931	Received Roosevelt Medal "for distinguished work in biology."
1942	Died in Berkeley, California, March 19 at age of eighty-six.

Posthumous Publications

• Boundary Descriptions of California Indian Stocks and Tribes. Co-authored with Zenaida Merriam Talbot; edited by Robert F. Heizer.Berkeley:Archaeological Research Facility,1974.
• Chumash Place Name Lists. Compilations by A. L. Kroeber,C. Hart Merriam, and H. W. Henshaw; edited by R. F. Heizer. Berkeley:Archaeological Research Facility,1975.
• Ethnogeographic and Ethnosynonymic Data From Northern California Tribes. Assembled and edited by Robert F. Heizer. Berkeley:Archaeological Research Facility, Department of Anthropology, University of California,1976.
• Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes. Compiled and edited by Robert F. Heizer.Berkeley:University of California Archaeological Research Facility,1966-67.
• Indian Names For Plants and Animals Among Californian and Other Western North American Tribes. Assembled and annotated by Robert F. Heizer.Socorro, N.M.:Ballena Press,1979.
• Studies of California Indians. Edited by the staff of the Department of Anthropology of the University of California. Berkeley:University of California Press,1955.
• Village Names in Twelve California Mission Records. Assembled and edited by Robert F. Heizer. Berkeley: Reports of the University of California Archaeological Survey,no. 74 (1968).

Selected Bibliography

• Grinnell, Hilda WoodBibliography of Clinton Hart Merriam.[S.l.: s.n., 1943?]
• Osgood, Wilfred Hudson.Biographical Memoir of Clinton Hart Merriam, 1855-1942.Washington:National Academy of Sciences,1945. Biographical memoirs (National Academy of Sciences U.S.); v. 24, 1st memoir.
• Phillips, Arthur Morton [et. al.]. Expedition to the San Francisco Peaks: C. Hart Merriam and the Life Zone Concept.Flagstaff, Ariz.:Museum of Northern Arizona,1988. Plateau; v. 60, no. 2.
• Sterling, Keir B.Last of the Naturalists: the Career of C. Hart Merriam.New York:Arno Press,1974 (revised 1977)
• Talbot, Zenaida Merriam. "Obituary." Science, vol. 95, no. 2474 (May 29, 1942),pp. 545-546.

Acquisition information:

The C. Hart Merriam Papers were transferred from the Department of Anthropology in 1977 and 1979.

Physical location:

For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.

File plan:

Catalogue of The C. Hart Merriam Collection of Data Concerning California Tribes and Other American Indians

Prepared by Robert F. Heizer with the assistance of Dennis Bailey, Marke Estis and Karen Nissen

• Department of Anthropology
• Archaeological Research Facility
• Berkeley 1969
• Revised 1994

Introduction

Between 1902 and 1935 Dr. Clinton Hart Merriam was engaged in the ethnological study of American Indians, mainly those in the western United States, and especially the tribes of California. After Dr. Merriam's death in 1942 his heirs, Mrs. Zenaida Merriam Talbot of Berkeley and Mrs. Henry D. Abbott of Washington, D.C., deposited their father's collection of data in the Department of Anthropology at Berkeley. The transfer was made through the Smithsonian Institution, of which Dr. Merriam was a Research Associate, and which administered the E. H. Harriman Fund established for the purpose of supporting Dr. Merriam's anthropological research.

Dr. Merriam published only a fraction of the information which he had secured. For a list of his publications which appeared during his life see C. Hart Merriam, Studies of California Indians.University of California Press,1955 (reprinted 1962),pp. 227-229. Since 1950 when the Merriam Collection arrived in Berkeley additional material has been published under Merriam's name. The following list specifies these:

1. Studies of California Indians.University of California Press,Berkeley and Los Angeles,1955 (reprinted 1962).233 pp.
2. "The Hang-e or Ceremonial House of the Northern Miwok of Hachana Village Near Railroad Flat, Calaveras County, California."University of California Archaeological Survey,Report No. 38, Paper No. 60, pp. 34-35, 1957.
3. "Wintoon Indians".University of California Archaeological Survey,Report No. 38, Paper No. 62, pp. 40-43, 1957.
4. "Data Pertaining to Various Indian Ceremonial Houses in Northern California."University of California Archaeological Survey,Report No. 50, Paper No. 86, pp. 37-40, 1960.
5. "Ethnographic Notes on California Tribes."University of California Archaeological Survey,Report No. 68, Part I, pp. 1-166, Part II, pp. 167-256, Part III, pp. 257-488, 1966.
6. "Village Names in Twelve California Mission Records."University of California Archaeological Survey,Report No. 74, 1968.175 pp.

Several other publications have utilized Merriam's photographs or ethnographic information. These include:

1. M. A. Baumhoff,"California Athabascan Groups."University of California Anthropological Records,Vol. 16, No. 5, 1958.
2. R. F. Heizer,Languages, Territories and Names of California Indian Tribes.University of California Press,1966.
3. T. Kroeber and R. F. Heizer.Almost Ancestors.Sierra Club,San Francisco1968.

As of 1968 it appeared that the bulk of the information of broad and general interest had been extracted from the Collection, prepared for publication, and printed. At the same time, there still remain large bodies of data of great interest and value which have not been published. A thorough assessment of the kinds and quantity of information in the Collection seemed desirable at this point, and Dr. S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution agreed and made funds available from the E. H. Harriman Fund for preparation of the present catalogue. The present catalogue, prepared during the summer of 1969 with the assistance of Miss Karen Nissen, Mr. Dennis Bailey and Mr. Marke Estis, is not intended to provide a detailed listing of the contents of the Merriam Collection, but rather a general guide to the kinds and amount of information in the file.

The Collection is now kept in a storage room in the basement of the Hearst Gymnasium in eight four-drawer filing cases. Inquiries concerning the Merriam Collection should be addressed to the author of this catalogue, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, CA., 94720. None of the Merriam Collection materials will be duplicated by xerox or microfilm for reference by persons wishing to consult specific lots of data, but access to the Collection will be provided to qualified students by prior arrangement. Certain conditions (not specified here) attach to the publication of materials in the Merriam Collection.

Rationale of the Catalogue System

In 1966 there was published Heizer, Robert F.Languages, Territories and Names of California Indians.University of California Press,1966 (vii, 1-62, 5 maps). a list and map of California tribal groups organized by linguistic stock as identified by Dr. Merriam. This classification has been used as the basis for the present catalogue, and the list is reproduced below for easy reference. Each linguistic stock has been assigned a letter of the alphabet in the order in which it appears in the list; thus, A is for Athabascan, B is for Polikla (Yurok), C is for Soolahteluk (Wiyot) and so on. Tribal groups are numbered in the appended list which is both a classification and a map key. The various categories of data in the Collection have been assigned a code reference as follows:

N:

lists of names of bands, tribes or villages.

G:

ethnogeography (information referring mainly to tribal boundaries)

E:

ethnographic information (this does not include data already published and listed on pp. 1-2 above).

V:

vocabularies (field recordings of Indian words written by Merriam in printed schedules).

BL:

brief linguistic recordings (a not very extensive file of miscellaneous data, mainly recorded by Merriam).

NH:

natural history word lists (field recordings of Indian words for plants and animals written by hand in printed schedules. Perhaps the most important single lot of unpublished Merriam data).

D:

dictionaries (Indian-English or English-Indian).

CL:

comparative word lists (usually of languages within single stocks. These are taken from the V file and therefore represent Merriam's preliminary efforts at analyzing language and dialect variation within stocks).

The catalogue numbers take the following form:

Example 1.

A/1a/G2 (to be read: Athabascan stock/Tolowa tribe/Ethnogeogeography manuscript or notes No. 2).

Example 2.

U/20m/V84 (to be read: Midoo stock/Nisenan tribe/Vocabulary No. 84).

Some of the Collection has not been catalogued in detail but has simply been segregated and placed as individual lots in single filing drawers. These uncatalogued materials are in part of secondary interest and importance relative to information secured by Merriam himself from living Indian informants or are special in some respect. These lots of material are:

Nos. 1-4 have been revised and listed in greater detail in the revision. Nos. 5-11 are described in the Addendum, except no. 7 (maps) which were removed and cataloged separately. Newspaper clippings (no. 2) were discarded after microfilming.

1. Copies of historical documents (for further information see p. 84 of this catalogue).
2. Newspaper clippings (for topics see p. 85-86 of this catalogue).
3. Data on Indian welfare, abuses against Indians, Federal policies, legislation in behalf of Indians, Senate Hearings, etc. (for further information see pp.87-90 of this catalogue).
4. Miscellaneous data, nearly all of it secondary, arranged by topic (for listing see pp. 91-97 of this catalogue).
5. Typescript manuscripts of Merriam's publications. Includes items published by Merriam while he was alive and works published posthumously (for which see pp. 1-2 of this catalogue).
6. Filing case of 4" X 6" cards. Fourteen trays filed alphabetically of Indian village and tribal names. Mainly concerns California, but includes other areas of the far West (e.g. Nevada, Arizona, Baja, California). Contains about 16,000 cards.
7. Large lot of maps showing tribal and village locations prepared by Merriam. Includes the 1:1,000,000 base maps of California tribes from which the Merriam map was published in Heizer (1966) and accompanying "Boundary Description of California Indian Stocks and Tribes" by Zenaida Merriam Talbot (typewritten ms, 42 pp.) which has not been published. This miscellaneous file comprises a number of regional California maps and topographic sheets showing boundaries of one or more tribes; 60 U.S.G.S. topographic maps showing location of Indian villages in the Sacramento Valley.
8. File of about 150 4" X 6" cards "indexed by stock and tribe, of the Indian vocabularies obtained by C. Hart Merriam. Each card contains dates, stock and tribe name, names of informants, when known, and the number of copies of both vocabularies and field lists per tribe."
9. A "manuscript" (actually handwritten notes) on several hundred 3" X5" cards on California Indians. Accompanied by a typewritten "subject index". It appears that this was intended upon completion to be a general work on California Indians.
10. Partial manuscript with large number of illustrations on "Acorn Food."
11. Several versions of a manuscript "A Monache-Yokut Puzzle -A Noteworthy Case of Word Borrowing". Includes working notes, comparative word lists, lists of names of mammals. In effect this is an ethnozoological paper.

C. Hart Merriam's Classification of California Indian Tribes

List taken from Robert F. Heizer,Languages, Territories and Names of California Indians.University of California Press,1966,(pp. 37-47).

• A. Athapascan Stock
  • 1a. Tolowa or Huss
  • Hoopa group (Hupa)
    • 1b. Hoopa or Tin'-nung-hen-na'-o
    • 1c. Ma'-we-nok
    • 1d. 'Hwil'-kut (Whilkut)
    • 1e. Tsa'-nung-wha
  • Wilakke group (Wailaki) or Nung'-hahl (Nongatl)
    • 1f. Mat-tol' (Mattole)
    • 1g. Lo-lahn'-kok
    • 1h .To-cho'-be
    • 1i. Lassick or Ket-tel' (Lassik)
    • 1j. Set-ten-bi'-den
    • 1k. Tsen-nah'-ken-nes
    • 1l. Che-teg'-ge-kah
    • 1m. Bah-ne-ko ke'-ah
    • 1n. Nek'-kan-ni (Bear River)
    • 1o. Kahto or To-chil-pe-ke'ah-hahng
• B. Polikla Stock (Yurok)
  • 2a . Ner'-er-ner' (Coast Yurok)
  • 2b. Polikla (Yurok)
• C. Soolahteluk Stock (Wiyot)
  • 3a. Pah'-te-wat
  • 3b. We'-ke
  • 3c. We'-yot
• D. Yukean Stock
  • Northwestern or Coast Division
    • 4a. Oo'-ko-ton-til'-kah
  • Round Valley Division
    • 4b. Oo'-ko-ton-til'-kah
    • 4c. Kah'-shut-sit'-nu
  • Upper South Eel Division
    • 4d. Hootch'-nom
    • 4e. Wet-oo'-kum-nom
    • 4f. Tah'-too or Nar'-ko-po-mah
    • 4g. On-kal-oo'-kum-nom (Onkolukomnom)
• E. Southern Division (Wappo)/Mi-yahk'-mah (Makoma)
  • 4h. Mish'-a-wel band
  • 4i. Moo'-tis'-tool band
  • 4j. Mi-yahk-mah band
  • 4k. Lil'-lak
• F. Lutuamean Stock
  • 5a. Mo'-dok
• G. Shastan Stock
  • 6a. Ko'-no-me'-ho (Konomihu)
  • 6b. Wah-te'-roo
  • 6c. Ke'-kahts (Kikatsik)
  • 6d. O-kwahn'-noo-choo
  • 6e. Hah-to-ke'-he-wuk
  • 6f. Tlo'-hom-tah'-hoi (New River Shasta)
• H. Achomawan Stock
  • 7a. A-choo'-mah'-we
  • 7b. As-tah-ke-wi'-che (Astakiwi)
  • 7c. At-wum'-we
  • 7d. Ham-mah'-we
  • 7e. Ha'-we-si'-doo
  • 7f. Il-mah'-we
  • 7g. Ko-se-al-lek'-te
  • 7h. Mo-des'-se (mahdesi)
  • 7i. To-mal-lin'-che-moi'
  • 7j. At-soo-ka-e (Atsugewi)
  • 7k. Ap-woo'-ro-ka'-e
  • 7l. A-me'-che
  • 7m. E-poo'-de
• I. Karok Stock
  • 8a. Ar'-rahr
  • 8b. Kah-rah'-ko-hah (Karok)
• J. Tlohomtahhoi Stock
  • 9a. Tlo'-hom-tah'-hoi (New River Shasta)
• K. Chemareko Stock
  • 10a. Chemareko
• L. Yahnah Stock
  • 11a. Yah'-nah
• M. Pomo Stock
  • Northern Division or Family
    • 12a. Mah'-to-po'-mah
    • 12b. Me-tum'-mah
    • 12c. Kah'-be-tsim'-me-po'-mah
    • 12d. Po-mo'-ke-chah'
    • 12e. Mah-soo'-tah-ke'-ah (Masut)
    • 12f. Mah-too'-go
    • 12g. Ki-yow'-bahch (Kaiyau)
  • Yokiah-Boyah Division
    • 12h. Boyah
    • 12i.Tah'-bah-ta'
    • 12j. Lah'-ta
    • 12k. Kan-no'-ah
    • 12l. Yo-ki'-ah
    • 12m. She-a'-ko (Shiego)
    • 12n. Sho-ko'-ah or Sha-nel
    • 12o. Den-nol'-yo-keah
    • 12p. Yo-buk'-ka'-ah (Yobutui)
  • Kah-chi'-ah Division
    • 12q. Kah-chi-ah
  • Mah'-kah-mo-chum'-mi or We-shum'-tat-tah Division.
    • 12r. Mah-kah-mo-chum'-mi
    • 12s. Shah-kow'-we-chum'-mi
    • 12t. We'-shah'-chum-mi
    • 12u. Me-hin-kow'-nah
    • 12v. We-shum'-tat-tah
  • Han-nah -bah-^ch or Clear Lake Division
    • 12w. Dan-no'-kah
    • 12x. She'-kum (Shigom)
    • 12y. Bo-al-ke'-ah
    • 12z. Ku'-lan-na'-po
    • 12aa. Ha'-be-nap'-po (Khabenapo)
  • Sho-te'-ah or Stony Creek Division
    • 12bb. Sho-te'-ah (Cheetido)
  • Ham-fo or Lower Lake Division
    • 12cc. Ham'-fo (Anamfo)
• N. Chumash Stock
  • 13a. Ah'-moo
  • 13b. Kah'-she-nahs-moo
  • 13c. Kah'-sah-kom-pe'-ah
  • 13d.Kas'-swah (Cashwah)
  • 13e. Chu-mahs
  • 13f. Hool'-koo-koo
  • 13g. Tso-yin'-ne ah-koo
• O. Yuman Stock
  • 14a. Mohave
  • 14b. Kam'-me-i
  • 14c. Tis-se'-pah
  • 14d. Diegue¤o
  • 14f. Es-kah'-ti
• P. Washoo Stock
  • 15a. Washoo
• Q. Esselen Stock
  • 16a. Esselen
• R. Ennesen Stock (Salinan)
  • 17a. Antoniano or Kah-tri-tam(?)
  • 17b. Migueleno or Te-po-trahl(?)
  • 17c. Lahm-kah-trahm (?)
• S. Olhonean Stock (Costanoan)
  • 18a. Hor-de-on
  • 18b. Hoo'-mon-twash
  • 18c. Moot-soon'
  • 18d. Achestah
  • 18e. Kah'-koon or Room-se-en
  • 18f. Yak-shoon
• T. Wintoon Stock
  • Northern Wintoon
    • 19a. Wintu or Num'soos Wintoo
    • 19b. Num'-te-pom' or Wintoon proper
    • 19c. Nor'-rel-muk (Normuk)
    • 19d. Ni-i'-che
    • 19e. Daw'-pum
  • Nom-lak-ke or Central Division
    • 19f. Nom'-lak-ke
    • 19g. Wi-e'-ker'-ril band
    • 19h. Dah'-chin-chin'-ne
    • 19i. Te-ha'-mah
    • 19j. No-e-muk (Norelmuk?)
    • 19k. No-mel'-te-ke'-we (Nomecult?)
  • Southern Division (Patwin)
    • 19l. Choo-hel'-mem-shel
    • 19m. Chen'-po-sel
    • 19n. Lol'-sel band
    • 19o. Klet'-win
    • 19p. Ko-pa or Win (Copeh)
    • 19q. Nan'-noo-ta'-we or Nap'-pa
    • 19r. Ko'-roo (Korusi)
    • 19s. Pat'-win
    • 19t. Poo'-e-win
• U. Midoo Stock
  • Northern Division
    • 20a. Mitchopdo
    • 20b. No'-to-koi-yu
    • 20c. Sa-ap-kahn-ko band
    • 20e. Oso'-ko band
  • Central Division
    • 20f. Kon'-kow or Ti'-mah (Concow)
    • 20g. Tahn'-kum
    • 20h. Kow'-wahk
    • 20i. Kum-mo'-win
  • Southern Division or Nissenan
    • 20j. To-sim' -me-nan
    • 20k. Ho'-mah band
    • 20l. Nis'-sim Pa'-we-nan
    • 20m. Nis'-se-nan
    • 20n. No-to'-mus'-se band
    • 20o. Es'-to Nis' e-nan band
• V. Mewan Stock (Miwok)
  • Me-wuk or Sierra tribes (3 divisions)
    • 21a. Northern Me'-wuk
    • 21b. Hoo-ka-go band
    • 21c. Middle Me'-wuk
    • 21d. Southern Me'-wuk
    • 21e. Po-ho'-ne-che band
  • Mew-ko or Plains tribes
    • 21f. Hul-pom'-ne (Hulpumni)
    • 21g. Mo-koz'-um-ne (Mokosumni)
    • 21h. O '-che-hak (Ochehamni?)
    • 21i. Wi'-pa (Guaypem; Khulpuni )
    • 21j. Han-ne'-suk
    • 21k.Yatch-a-chum'-ne (Yachikamne)
    • 21l. Mo-kal'-um-ne (Mokelumni)
    • 21m. Chil-um'-ne
    • 21n. Si'-a-kum'-ne (Sakayakumne)
    • 21o. Tu-ol'-um-ne
    • 21p. Saclan
  • In-ne-ko or Coast tribes (Coast Miwok)
    • 21q. Tu-le-yo'-me
    • 21r. Hoo-koo c'-ko
    • 21s. Olamentko
    • 21t. Le-kah'-te-wuk (Likatuit)
• W. Yokut Stock
  • 22a. Heu'-che
  • 22b. Chow-chil'-lah
  • 22c. Chuck-chan'-sy
  • 22d. To-ko'-lo band (?) (Toholo)
  • 22e. Tal-lin'-che (Dalinchi)
  • 22f. Pit-kah'-che
  • 22g. Toom '-nah band (Dumna)
  • 22h. Ketch-a'-ye
  • 22i. Kum'-nah
  • 22j. Kosh-sho'-o or Ko-shon (Kassoyo, Gashowu?)
  • 22k. Ho-ye'-mah
  • 22l. Chu-ki'-ah
  • 22m. Cho-e-nim'-ne
  • 22n. Wa'-cha-kut (Wechikit?)
  • 22o. Cho-ki'-min-nah (Chuk amina)
  • 22p. No-to'-no-to (Nutunutu)
  • 22q. Tah'-che
  • 22r. Wik-chum'-ne
  • 22s. Ka-we'-ahs (Kawia)
  • 22t. Ta-dum'-ne (Telamni)
  • 22u. Choo'-nut
  • 22v. Choi'-nook or Cho'-nook or Choo'-enu or Wa-da'-she
  • 22w. Yo'-kol or Yo-o'-kul or Yo'-a-kud'-dy
  • 22x. Yow-lan'-che (Yaulanchi)
  • 22y. No-chan'-itch band
  • 22z. Ko-yet'-te
  • 22aa Pal-low'-yam'-me (Paleuyami)
  • 22bb. Wo'-wul (Wolasi)
  • 22cc. Yow'-el-man'-ne (Yaulmani)
  • 22dd. Tin'-lin-ne (Tinlinin)
  • 22ee. Too-lol'-min
  • 22ff. Ye-wum'-ne or Pah-ah'-se
  • 22gg. Ham-met-wel'-le (Hometwoli)
  • 22hh. Tu-lum'-ne (Telamni?)
• X. Shoshone Stock
  • 23a. Northern Piute
  • 23b. Koo-tsab'-be dik'-ka (Mono Lake)
  • 23c. Pahng'-we-hoo'-tse
  • Monache Piute /Western Monache
    • 23d. Nim or Monache
    • 23e. Posh-ge'-sha
    • 23f. Kwe'-tah
    • 23g. Too-hook'-mutch
    • 23h. Ko-ko-he'-ba band
    • 23i. Toi-ne'-che band (Toihicha, Talinchi)
    • 23j. Hol'-ko-mah band
    • 23k. To-win-che'-ba band
    • 23l. Wo'-pon-nutch
    • 23m. En'-tim-bitch
    • 23n. Wuksa-che' (Waksachi)
    • 23o. Pot-wish'-ah (Balwisha)
  • Owens Lake Monache Piute
    • 23p. Kwe'-nah-pat'-se band
    • 23q. Ut'-te-ur-re-we'-te
    • 23r. To'-bo-ah-hax-ze
    • 23s. Chuk'-ke-sher-ra'-ka
    • 23t. No'-no-pi-ah
  • Panamints
    • 23u. Pak'-wa-sitch
    • 23v. Moo-et'-tah (Muah?)
  • Southern Piute
    • 23w. New-oo'-ah (Kawaiisu)
    • 23x. Tol-chin'-ne
    • 23y. Nu-vah'-an-dits
    • 23z. Chem-e-we'-ve'
  • Ke-tahn-na-mwits or Serrano
    • 23aa. Ke-tah'-na'-mwits (Kitanemuk)
    • 23bb. Pur'-ve'-tum or Pur-vit-tem
    • 23cc. Yo-hah'-ve-tum
    • 23dd. Mah'-re-ah-ne-um or Mah'-ring-i-um or Mo'-he-ah'-ne-um
  • Kah-we-sik-tem or Cahuilla
    • 23ee. Koos'-tam
    • 23ff. Wah'-ne-ke'-tam or Mahl'-ke
    • 23gg. Kah-we-sik'-tem
    • 23hh. Pan'-yik-tem
    • 23ii Wah-ko-chim'-kut-tem
    • 23jj. Sow'-wis-pah-kik'-tem
    • 23kk. Pow'-we-yam
    • 23ll. We-is'-tem
  • Koo'-pah
    • 23mm. Koo'-pah
  • A-katch'-mah or Luiseño
    • 23nn. A-katch'-mah
    • 23oo. Pi-yum'-ko
    • 23pp. So-bo'-ba
• Y. Tongva Stock
  • 24a. Tongva (Gabrielino)
• Z. Tubotelobela Stock
  • 25a. Pahn'-ka-la'-che (Bankalachi)
  • 25b. Tu'-bot-e-lob'-e-la (Tubatulabal)

Related resources

Other descriptive data:

Clinton Hart Merriam (1855-1942) was one of the great naturalists of his generation. He was the founder of the United States Biological Survey and a co-founder of the National Geographic Society. He accompanied many of the early surveying expeditions to the Western United States and for more than twenty-five years documented the natural history of the rural West. In 1910, with the support of the Harriman Trust, Merriam was able to leave the Survey and pursue his own research. While he did continue his studies on North American mammals, the primary focus of his research became the Indian cultures of California. He was especially interested in documenting and preserving the languages of California Indian tribes, which were being lost through the death of older tribe members and the assimilation of surviving members into Anglo-American culture. Merriam did extensive field work, interviewing surviving tribe members and recording their language in printed vocabulary schedules. Merriam's papers and photographs of California Indian tribes represent significant primary source materials for much cultural information, and often provide the last remaining links for many Native Americans to their ancestors.

For an assessment of how Merriam's training as a naturalist and zoologist influenced his collecting techniques for the Indian data described in this finding aid, see Robert Heizer 's introduction to Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes (Reports of the University of California Archaeological Survey, no. 68, pt. 1, p. 1-8.)

The Papers of Dr. Merriam were received over a period of several years from different donors. One of these collections (BANC MSS 80/18 c), documenting Merriam's work on California Indians has a finding aid produced in 1969 by Robert Heizer of the Department of Anthropology at UC Berkeley, with assistance from several of his graduate students. Because this finding aid described most of the contents of the collection quite well and because the finding aid had been distributed to many institutions and individuals, it was decided to leave it largely intact. However, several cartons of material in this collection were unarranged and not listed in Heizer's guide, although he referred to the general nature of the material in his introductory remarks. This material has been arranged and listed in its entirety for this finding aid. The listing for this collection constitutes Volume One of the present finding aid.

Volume Two consists of a consolidation of the remaining collections of the papers of Merriam. This collection (BANC MSS 83/129 c) primarily documents Merriam's career as the founder and head of the United States Biological Survey. It includes Merriam's personal and professional correspondence (including correspondence about his Indian work) and his papers from work undertaken by the Survey. For a fuller description of its contents, see the introduction to Volume Two.

In 1993, the Library Conservation Department of The Library at UC Berkeley was awarded a Title II-C grant by the Department of Education to preserve and improve bibliographic access to the papers of C. Hart Merriam. The Merriam project represents a very successful coordination of preservation and archival processing on a collection-wide basis. The success of this model of project development and execution has depended upon close cooperation between the staffs of the Conservation Department and The Bancroft Library. A great many Library staff were responsible for obtaining and conducting this grant project. The grant was prepared under the direction of Barclay W. Ogden, Head of the Conservation Department, by Lynn Jones, Nancy Harris, Ann Swartzell, and Sheila O'Neill. Arrangement and description were completed by a processing team including Terry Boom, Alyson Belcher, Xiuzhi Zhou, and Jane Bassett, under the direction of Jack von Euw, with consultation of William Roberts. Preservation and conservation treatment of manuscripts and pictorial material were done by Nancy Harris, Wendy Partridge, and Belay Workneh of the Conservation Department and Daniel Johnston of Library Photographic Service. Preservation microfilming of the collection was done by Charles Stewart and Alexandra Eisler of Library Photographic Service. Administrative support for the project provided by Cameron F. Olen and Louise Bradford.

The Merriam project was truly a collaborative effort for The Bancroft Library. In addition to working closely with the Conservation Department, the processing team called upon the expertise of several other individuals and departments in the Library. Special consultation and assistance with arrangement and description were provided by Mary Morganti of The Bancroft Library's Manuscripts Division. Phil Hoehn and Fleur Helsingor of the Map Room were consulted about maps in the collection and Ms. Helsingor provided cataloging for more than fifty maps removed from the collection. As part of the Berkeley Finding Aids Project, Marilyn Sbardellati-Bolak scanned the original typewritten copy of the finding aid for collection no. 80/18 c into WordPerfect, saving hours of typing time for this complex document.

Location of this collection:

UC Berkeley, Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley, The Bancroft Library

Berkeley, CA 94720-6000, US

Contact:

510-642-6481

bancref-library@berkeley.edu

Website