Theodore von Kármán papers, 1871-1963
Collection context
Summary
- Creators:
- Von Kármán, Theodore, 1881-1963
- Abstract:
- This record group documents the career of Theodore von Kármán, Hungarian-born aerodynamicist, science advisor, and first director of the Daniel Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. It consists primarily of correspondence, speeches, lectures and lecture notes, scientific manuscripts, calculations, reports, photos and technical slides, autobiographical sketches, and school notebooks.
- Extent:
- 93 linear feet
- Language:
- English.
Background
- Scope and content:
-
The papers of Theodore von Kármán, Hungarian-born aerodynamicist, science advisor, and first director of the Daniel Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, are available to researchers in two formats. The original collection, which includes more than 145,000 pages of letters, scientific manuscripts, reports, unpublished speeches, lecture notes, family papers, medals, and photographs, fills 175 manuscript boxes, and is available for study in the Caltech Archives. The microfiche edition, which covers the contents of boxes 1 through 157, is available for loan or purchase. The printed finding aid to the original von Kármán collection (175 boxes) and its microfiche edition is titled The Theodore von Kármán Collection at the California Institute of Technology (ed. J.R. Goodstein and C. Kopp, 1981). It may be obtained through the Caltech Archives or through local libraries. The 1994 supplement has not been filmed.
In the present finding aid, the folder index and the selective correspondent index complement each other. The folder index provides a complete listing of the contents of the von Kármán collection. It is arranged in filing order and gives the identification number, title, and inclusive dates for each folder in the collection. It also provides an organizational description of the collection.
The alphabetically arranged correspondent index (for folders 1.1 through 116.8) shows the correspondent's name and the folder numbers where such correspondence may be found. The index, which includes individuals only, makes no distinction between incoming and outgoing correspondence.
Documentation of von Kármán's involvement in education, national affairs, scientific organizations, and industrial firms is centered in Sections II through VIII of the collection and includes material from such prominent scientific and public figures as G. I. Taylor, George Gamow, Edward Teller, John von Neumann, Curtis LeMay, Enrico Fermi, Richard Courant, Vannevar Bush, and Stuart Symington. To see every item of correspondence with an individual, e.g., the English mathematician G. I. Taylor, each folder listed would have to be consulted. However, to find only that Taylor correspondence relating to a particular topic or subject area, compare the correspondent index entries with those in the folder index.
The index covers von Kármán's professional career. The remaining, unindexed folders are primarily personal and family material. Theodore had three brothers and a sister. There is considerable correspondence with each family member, including some correspondence between his mother and father, dating back to the 1880s. Transcriptions and English translations exist for some of this material. Theodore and Josephine, his sister, were very close. Her letters, in particular, are a rich source of information about Theodore's personal life. Of interest also in this section is the biographical material relating to his father, Maurice (Mór), who was a prominent Hungarian educator.
Von Kármán's papers encompass a broad spectrum of European and American intellectual, social, and political history. There is a good deal of information, for example, on international cooperation in science, on science and scientists in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, on technical matters, including airships, windmills and jet propellants, on the work of the NATO Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development, and the founding and development of the Institute for Applied Mathematics at Brown University, to name but some of the topics available for study in the collection.
Section II of the collection is a good starting point for investigating international scientific cooperation. The files of the International Congress for Applied Mechanics, the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, and the Innsbruck Conference on Hydro- and Aerodynamics form one of the most interesting sections of the organizational correspondence, and should be used in conjunction with one another. The political chaos in Europe between the two World Wars is documented in many of the letters in Section I--e.g., Richard Courant's letter of November 12, 1933 to von Kármán describing conditions in Germany in 1933, is typical of the many letters received by von Kármán from prominent European scientists in the 1930s. The government files in Section VI of the collection focus on von Kármán's long and fruitful association with the military, particularly the Air Force. Section VII contains material relating to von Kármán's general interest in problems of lighter-than-air craft and his role as aerodynamics advisor in the Smith-Putnam wind turbine project. The windmill built in 1941 at Grandpa's Knob near Montpellier, Vermont, survives as an interesting case study in the history of technology. Students of American economic history will find his correspondence in the National Research Council files dealing with the problem of jet propellants and related material concerning the Aerojet Engineering Corporation, particularly useful.
Theodore von Kármán's published writings include five books and approximately 200 papers and articles which appeared between 1902 and 1963, now part of the five-volume Collected Works of Theodore von Kármán (London, 1956, vols. 1-4; Rhode-St-Genèse, 1975, vol. 5). A popular, semi-autobiographical account of his life is The Wind and Beyond: Theodore von Kármán, Pioneer... in Space by von Kármán with Lee Edson (New York, 1967); Hugh L. Dryden's, "Theodore von Kármán, May 11, 1881-May 7, 1963," National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs, xxxviii (New York, 1965), pp. 345-384, considers in some detail his scientific work. Several oral histories of von Kármán also exist. The Sources for History of Quantum Physics interview with von Kármán deals with his scientific education and early work; Columbia University's Oral History Research Office von Kármán interview deals primarily with his World War II activities, and the formation of the Scientific Advisory Board.
The 1994 supplement ranges in date from 1909 to 1963, and includes manuscript and print material, as well as a large amount of memorabilia in the form of medals, degrees, citations, artwork, and photographs. The manuscript material includes files on the Josephine de Kármán memorial trust and foundation, as well as other family material. Several manuscripts and technical reports are present, including von Kármán's 1909 Göttingen dissertation. A small amount of correspondence, dating mostly from the late 1950s and early 1960s, includes letters to and from von Kármán's student and colleague, H. S. Tsien. Of special interest are the two bound volumes of congratulatory letters sent to von Kármán on his 75th birthday from a multitude of students and colleagues, including among many others Arthur H. Compton, Louis de Broglie, I. I. Rabi, Emilio Segrè, S. Timoshenko, and H. S. Tsien. There are also a number of original reprints of writings by von Kármán. These supplement those in boxes 123 and 124 of the original collection.
Notable among the memorabilia are the photographs and the many cartoons and sketches of von Kármán. The oil portrait of von Kármán's father, Maurice, by an unknown artist, is of excellent quality.
With the exception of the portrait of Maurice Kármán, all of the new material has been added to the existing collection in 13 boxes, numbered 176 through 188.
In July 1999 materials in the von Kármán supplement were slightly rearranged. A separate collection of medals and awards was created to hold the many honorific medals and decorations won by von Kármán. A list of these awards is available from the Archives' catalog. A few commemorative medals, souvenirs and some memorabilia were added to Box 186, and Box 186.1 was created.
- Biographical / historical:
-
Date Event 1881 May 11 Theodore von Kármán born in Budapest (Hungary), son of Maurice (Mór) Kármán and Helene Kármán (née Kohn) 1898 von Kármán enters The Royal Joseph Technical University, Budapest 1902 receives degree in mechanical engineering from The Royal Joseph 1903-1906 joins the firm of Ganz and Company in Budapest as a consulting engineer; accepts position as assistant professor of hydraulics at The Royal Joseph 1906 wins a two-year fellowship to Göttingen; attends lectures by David Hilbert, Felix Klein, and Ludwig Prandtl 1907 sees his first airplane flights near Paris 1908 writes dissertation on the buckling of columns and receives doctor's degree from the University of Göttingen 1908-1912 receives appointment as privatdocent at Göttingen 1911 studies the stability of vortex patterns that form behind stationary bodies in flowing fluids ("Kármán vortex street") 1912-1913 von Kármán turns to a problem in solid state physics; he and Max Born analyze the lattice dynamics of a crystal and deduce the spectrum of frequencies in a solid. Next, they apply Einstein's 1907 paper on the heat capacity of solids to their model of crystalline lattice vibrations 1913 moves to Aachen as professor of mechanics and aeronautics at the Technische Hochschule and director of the Aerodynamics Institute 1914-1918 military service in the Austro-Hungarian Army; becomes head of the experimental division of the Aviation Corps; collaborates with Wilhelm Zurovec on design of first stable hovering captive helicopter 1915 Oct 15 father dies in Budapest 1919 returns to Technische Hochschule, Aachen 1922 organizes with Tullio Levi-Civita a scientific conference in Innsbruck devoted to aerodynamics and hydrodynamics 1924 lectures on the stability of laminar flow and turbulence at the First International Congress on Applied Mechanics at Delft; General Aerodynamic Theory, 2 vols. (with J. M. Burgers) 1926 Sept 24 makes his first visit to the United States under the auspices of the Daniel Guggenheim Fund; serves as consultant on the design of new aeronautics laboratory and wind tunnel at Caltech 1927 visits Japan; advisor to Kawanishi airplane company; designs country's first industrial wind tunnel 1928-1930 two more visits to the United States 1930 von Kármán returns to the problem of turbulence; he succeeds in deriving a logarithmic formula for turbulent skin friction, announces results at Göttingen and at Third International Congress of Applied Mechanics at Stockholm 1930 Oct 1 appointment as professor of aeronautics, director of the Daniel Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology (GALCIT), and director of the Daniel Guggenheim Airstrip Institute at Akron, Ohio 1932 founding member, Institute of Aeronautical Sciences 1934 founding member, hydraulic machinery laboratory for research on centrifugal pumps; consultant, Metropolitan Water District of Los Angeles 1935 presents fundamental paper analyzing from a variety of viewpoints the problem of resistance at subsonic and supersonic speeds, Fifth Volta Congress, Rome 1936 acquires USA citizenship; GALCIT Rocket Research Project begins 1937 visits Russia, China, and Japan; Wilbur Wright Lecture, Royal Aeronautical Society 1938 election to National Academy of Sciences; publishes definitive paper (with L. Howarth) on statistical theory of isotropic turbulence 1939 Joseph Willard Gibbs lecturer ("The Engineer Grapples with Nonlinear Problems"), American Mathematical Society, Columbus, Ohio 1939 Apr 18 von Kármán proposes a Jet Propulsion Experimental Station in the Arroyo Seco July 1 Special Committee of the National Academy of Sciences for Air Corps research initiates jet propulsion research program (GALCIT Project, No. 1) under von Kármán's direction; aerodynamic consultant, Smith-Putnam Wind Turbine 1939-1952 consultant, U.S. Army Air Corps 1940 Mathematical Methods in Engineering (with M.A. Biot) 1941 aerodynamic consultant, Tacoma Narrows Bridge Consulting Board 1941 May 11 Theodore von Kármán Anniversary Volume, in honor of Theodore's 60th birthday 1941 June mother dies in Pasadena 1942 joins five colleagues in forming the Aerojet Engineering Corporation 1944 Oct 23 appointment as expert consultant to General Henry H. Arnold, Commanding General of the Army Air Forces; organizes and directs U.S. Air Force Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) 1944 Nov 1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory formally created; von Kármán prepares to turn leadership of the Laboratory over to JPL Executive Board 1945 leads other SAG members on inspection tour of European aeronautics centers 1945 Where We Stand, von Kármán's post-tour report to AAF Scientific Advisory Group on technical developments in air warfare during World War II; also, writes Science, The Key to Air Supremacy, the introductory volume of the Group's long-range report, "Toward New Horizons" 1946 receives the U.S. Medal for Merit 1946-1954 chairman, Scientific Advisory Board, U.S. Air Force 1946 foreign member, The Royal Society 1949 professor emeritus, California Institute of Technology 1951 organizes the NATO Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development (AGARD) 1951-1963 chairman, AGARD 1951 July 2 sister dies in Pasadena 1954 Aerodynamics: Selected Topics in the Light of Their Historical Development, the 1953 Messenger Lectures, Cornell University 1954 chairman emeritus, Scientific Advisory Board, USAF 1955 Selected Papers on Engineering Mechanics, an anniversary volume prepared by Aachen colleagues in honor of Theodore's 70th birthday 1961 May 11 symposium, organized by the Institute of the Aerospace Sciences, New York, in honor of Theodore's 80th birthday; proceedings are published in 1962 1963 Feb 8 recipient of the first U.S. National Medal of Science 1963 May 7 dies in Aachen - Acquisition information:
-
Theodore von Kármán left instructions in his will that his papers be given to the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Jet Propulsion named after him at the California Institute of Technology. Shortly after his death in 1963, the U.S. Air Force Academy Library selected several items from the collection for an exhibit at the dedication of the new von Kármán wing of the Academy's library. These items were subsequently presented to the library. The collection itself remained in the custody of the Kármán Laboratory until April 1968, when Professors Duncan Rannie and Frank Marble released the material to Dr. Judith R. Goodstein, the Institute's Archivist, following the formal creation of Caltech's science archives program.
Material in the 1994 supplement to the von Kármán Papers was given to the Caltech Archives by Professor Frank Marble in September and December, 1994.
All materials described in the 1994 Supplement guide came originally from von Kármán's estate.
- Arrangement:
-
The Theodore von Kármán collection is organized into the following series: I. Personal Correspondence (Box 1 Folder 1 through Box 33 Folder 34); II. Correspondence and Documents: Professional Organization and Meetings (Box 34 Folder 1 through Box 55 Folder 7); III. Correspondence and Documents: Companies and Industry (Box 55 Folder 8 through Box 69 Folder 27); IV. Correspondence and Documents: Educational Institutions (Box 70 Folder 1 through Box 78 Folder 18); V. General Correspondence (Box 78 Folder 19 through Box 81 Folder 13); VI. United States Government Files (Box 81 Folder 14 through Box 96 Folder 4); VII. Technical Files (Box 96 Folder 5 through Box 114 Folder 12); VIII. Publication Correspondence (Box 115 Folder 1 through Box 116 Folder 14); IX. Manuscripts (Box 117 Folder 1 through Box 133 Folder 4); X. Biographical and Personal Material (Box 133 Folder 5 through Box 174); Supplementary Material (Box 175 through Box 189).
Indexed terms
- Subjects:
- Bridges--Accidents--Investigation--United States--Washington (State)--20th
century
Civic leaders--Correspondence
Industrialists--Correspondence
Scientists--Correspondence
Scientists--International cooperation
Autobiography
Calculations
Lectures
Lecture notes
Reports
Reprints (publications)
Speeches
Technical reports - Indexes:
-
Index To Selective Correspondents
Ackeret, Jacob 8.35, 11.36, 14.16, 17.39, 45.4, 47.7, 80.15, 81.8 Agnelli, Giovanni 59.12 Alperin, Morton 18.34, 20.20, 57.6, 62.14, 83.3, 87.7-87.8, 89.8, 90.14, 115.2 Anderson, Carl D. 72.14 Arnold, Henry Harley 43.6, 73.6, 90.1-90.4, 92.9 Arnold, Lee 35.7, 50.1, 60.15, 62.11-62.13, 63.1, 73.2, 76.15, 86.10, 90.11 Arnstein, Karl 38.15, 43.8, 61.8-61.10, 62.1, 79.20, 97.2-97.3, 97.6 Aston, F. G. 1.36 Bacher, Robert F. 8.25 Baeumker, Adolf 12.22, 41.2, 47.5 Bartók, Béla 11.38 Batchelor, G. K. 18.24, 41.11, 43.15 Bateman, Harry 24.46, 64.7, 72.10 Beehan, T. Edward 35.7, 39.3, 42.17, 55.13, 56.2-56.5, 56.7-56.8, 56.10, 57.22, 59.14, 62.14, 67.21, 69.8, 115.6 Bencze, Louis 12.11, 67.1, 79.18, 115.6 Benecke, Theodor 35.3, 35.6-35.7, 36.2, 36.4, 44.1 Berliner, Arnold 16.27 Bethe, Hans A. 91.14 Biadasz, Frances E. 35.3, 35.5-35.7, 40.5 Biezeno, C.B. 4.22, 4.24, 19.59, 46.11, 47.1, 47.6-47.7, 78.8 Biot, Maurice A. ("Tony") 12.11, 13.23, 13.37, 22.18, 39.16, 43.13, 49.1, 63.15, 67.12, 68.11, 80.12, 92.10-92.11, 92.13, 94.8 Birkhoff, Garrett 44.8, 94.9, 94.12, 116.6 Bliss, Gilbert Ames 3.10 Boelter, Llewellyn M. K. 3.7, 5.18, 5.39, 9.5, 21.56, 39.4, 47.10, 115.10 Bogdonoff, Seymour M. 4.5, 70.8, 77.5, 77.14 Bollay, William 2.24, 67.20-67.21, 72.12, 74.6, 87.6-87.7, 90.6 Bolza, Hans 24.35, 108.6-108.7 Born, Max 45.4 Brandt, Leo 1.45, 12.32, 58.3, 80.14 von Braun, Werner 38.5, 45.4 Briggs, Lyman J. 21.50, 47.3, 47.5, 55.3-55.5, 81.19, 83.6 Broglie, Louis de 4.20, 34.1 Broglio, Luigi 23.2, 34.16, 35.1, 35.3, 35.8, 35.12, 44.9, 45.9-45.10, 77.8 Bronk, Detlev 4.20, 44.8, 45.10, 47.9, 50.7, 50.9-50.10, 52.7, 53.2, 115.12 Brown, Harold 56.5 Burgers, J.M. 7.37-7.38, 7.40, 19.59, 42.10-42.13, 47.1, 47.6-47.7, 47.10, 47.12, 48.12, 49.4-49.7, 54.12, 106.2 Busemann, Adolf 7.41, 43.14, 53.3 Bush, Vannevar 20.34, 24.9, 50.8, 82.7, 83.10-83.11, 84.1-84.10, 91.15 Cambel, Ali Bulent 34.18, 76.16 Carathéodory, Constantin 3.10, 4.14 Chang, Chieh Chien 72.15, 115.2 Charyk, Joseph V. 6.21, 10.1, 17.46, 50.10, 52.15, 62.11, 66.17, 70.8, 76.23, 77.3, 86.10, 87.1, 87.3-87.4, 95.4, 115.3-115.4 Clauser, Francis H. 5.16, 43.13, 75.12, 115.2, 116.7 Cochran, Jacqueline (Mrs. Floyd Odlum) 37.5, 45.4, 51.10 Cockcroft, J.D. 6.18 Compton, Karl T. 4.8, 47.4, 47.7, 51.8, 70.11, 76.7, 90.6, 97.5 Conant, James B. 4.10, 47.3, 84.6, 91.15 Condon, Edward U. 68.12 Cook, Walter W.S. 6.19, 44.7, 53.9, 76.15 Cooper, Benjamin 6.19, 11.20, 77.14-77.15 Cooper, John Cobb 6.19, 45.4, 45.6, 45.9-45.10 Courant, Richard 3.27, 6.36, 47.10, 62.12, 76.15, 95.5, 135.4 Crocco, G. Arturo 34.15, 47.4-47.5, 52.16, 52.18, 53.9, 56.19 Crocco, Luigi 43.12, 76.24, 77.2, 77.5, 95.4 Darrow, Karl K. 38.2 Daugherty, Robert L. 39.1-39.2, 72.15, 106.10, 106.12-106.16, 107.1-107.4 Davies, C. E. 3.25, 19.42, 21.56, 38.12, 39.2-39.3, 43.6, 47.9-47.10, 47.12, 49.4, 49.6, 54.2 Den Hartog, J.P. 2.44, 2.46, 3.19, 39.1, 47.3, 47.6, 47.16, 94.10, 112.5, 112.8 Donnell, Lloyd H. 22.18, 38.12, 54.5, 72.16 Doolittle, James H. 7.33, 19.24, 34.18, 35.2, 50.12, 90.11 Dorman, Bernhardt L. ("Bernie") 2.29, 56.4-56.5, 56.10-56.12 Douglas, Donald W. Jr. 45.6, 57.9, 59.4, 66.12 Draper, Charles Stark 44.8, 56.5, 68.7, 76.7 Driscoll, Bernard J. 7.10, 7.43, 11.33, 18.20, 24.48, 34.11, 34.14, 50.10, 50.12, 52.7, 59.14, 61.1-61.2, 62.11, 62.14, 66.17, 75.18, 87.8-87.10, 90.7-90.9 Dryden, Hugh L. 5.30, 7.2, 15.9, 15.24, 16.40, 19.25, 20.18, 21.46, 22.19, 22.39, 23.1, 34.12, 34.14, 34.16, 34.18, 35.2-35.4, 35.6, 35.12, 36.9, 39.3, 40.21, 43.4-43.5, 43.12-43.13, 44.8-44.9, 46.11, 47.3-47.6, 47.12, 47.16, 48.1, 49.1-49.2, 49.4, 49.6-49.7, 49.16, 50.1, 50.9-50.10, 50.12, 51.11, 52.6, 52.14, 54.5, 56.19, 59.17, 67.12, 68.7, 69.23, 76.23-76.24, 77.1-77.4, 80.38-80.39, 81.1, 81.19, 83.1-83.3, 84.3, 84.11, 87.8, 90.1-90.3, 90.5, 90.14, 94.12, 95.4, 115.3, 134.9 DuBridge, Lee A. 9.39, 20.14, 36.4, 50.9, 73.7-73.9, 74.6, 77.5, 90.5 Dunn, Louis G. 43.11, 72.15, 73.2, 100.13, 101.1, 101.3-101.4 Durand, William F. 43.5, 52.5-52.7, 82.5, 84.1, 97.5-97.7, 97.9-97.14, 98.1, 98.3-98.4, 106.2 Duwez, Pol 43.13, 47.10, 49.2, 50.12, 84.3, 84.6, 84.8, 90.5-90.6, 90.10-90.11, 115.9 Edson, Lee 26.7, 115.6 Ehrenhaft, Felix 7.17, 47.4-47.5, 50.4, 79.19 Einstein, Albert 61.6, 67.1, 75.24 Einstein, Hans Albert 8.18, 79.19, 79.23 Eisenhart, Luther P. 37.24, 52.5-52.6 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 90.4 Epstein, Paul S. 8.12, 20.28, 23.12, 50.8, 73.1, 73.3, 77.1 Farquharson, F. B. 100.10-100.13, 101.1, 101.3, 101.5-101.10, 115.4 Farren, William S. 31.43, 33.13, 47.3, 53.3 Fejér, Andrew 4.17, 21.24, 35.5, 60.12, 72.13, 72.15, 80.2, 107.4 Fejér, Eugen ("Jeno") 9.1, 72.12-72.13 Fermi, Enrico 79.25, 90.4-90.5 Ferri, Antonio 7.25, 19.25, 20.17, 34.14, 34.19, 37.4, 38.4, 53.4, 58.3, 61.2, 62.11-62.14, 63.2, 68.18, 70.8-70.9, 77.1, 135.4 Flickinger, Don D. 5.41, 35.12, 43.15, 44.9, 75.25 Folsom, Richard G. ("Dick") 21.51, 45.6, 49.5, 76.23 Föppl, Ludwig 23.14 Frank, Philipp 7.17 Friedrichs, Kurt O. 34.20, 70.8, 76.15, 115.3 Fry, Thornton C. 57.14, 70.11, 80.38-80.39, 81.1 Fubini, Eugene G. 1.31, 50.12 Fulton, Garland 58.10, 72.11, 84.1, 97.5-97.14, 98.1-98.3, 115.6 Gabrielli, Giuseppe ("Josi") 1.31, 6.10, 6.39, 12.22, 19.15, 20.32, 23.38, 31.43, 34.7, 35.1, 35.9, 36.15, 44.1, 48.9, 50.10, 53.11, 59.12-59.18, 64.2, 82.13, 116.6 Gabrielli, Lydia (née Crocco) 59.18 Gamow, George A. 45.4, 90.5 Gardner, Lester 11.39, 19.41, 43.3-43.6, 43.10-43.12, 43.14, 47.4, 47.6, 75.12, 76.2 Gardner, Trevor 86.12, 90.10 Gaspar, Béla 60.9 Georgii, Walter 41.9, 79.9 Gilles, August 66.6-66.9, 78.1, 108.6 Glantzberg, Frederic E. ("Fritz") 12.16, 52.1, 70.2, 84.11 90.1-90.4, 90.6 Goldstein, Rosa 79.3 Goldstein, Sydney 5.24, 44.1, 49.5, 52.3, 53.2, 53.3, 54.2, 76.23, 77.14 Goudsmit, S. A. 10.17 Greenstein, Jesse L. 46.7 Guggenheim, Harry F. 18.2, 20.27, 41.13, 43.8, 45.6, 45.9, 48.8-48.9 Gutenberg, Beno 12.3, 72.16, 73.1-73.3 Hadamard, Jacques 12.27 Haley, Andrew G. 2.24, 11.27, 13.16, 18.7, 34.17, 34.20, 35.1, 38.4-38.5, 44.9, 45.3-45.6, 45.9-45.10, 46.7, 56.4, 56.7-56.8, 56.19, 62.4, 64.8, 67.12, 89.8, 90.12 Hall, Arnold A. 34.18, 36.13, 49.17, 116.6 Harriman, W. Averell 53.2 Harrington, Russell Paul 23.22, 36.15, 43.10, 47.9, 68.7, 73.2, 95.3, 97.1, 97.4 Hartenberg, Richard S. ("Dick") 4.32, 17.12, 76.16 Hawthorne, William R. 34.15, 53.2, 76.24, 77.4 Heinkel, Ernst 5.11, 6.41, 13.2, 80.14 Heisenberg, Werner 42.11, 42.13 Herzfeld, Karl F. 76.24, 79.14 Hilbert, David 1.1 Hoff, Nicholas (Niklós) John 5.16, 14.32, 15.32, 16.15, 24.31, 36.10, 49.6, 70.8, 77.11, 80.14, 90.5-90.7, 115.9, 115.14, 116.2 Hoff, Wilhelm 40.20, 54.12, 58.12, 64.16 Hollander, Aladar 14.40, 21.45, 38.14, 39.4, 43.5, 49.5, 106.10, 106.12, 107.1, 115.2-115.4 Hoover, Herbert Jr. 14.30, 58.10 Hopf, Ludwig 19.52, 24.28, 42.12-42.13, 54.12, 78.1, 79.19 Houston, W. V. 72.16, 73.1-73.2 Howard, H. B. 79.3 Hubble, Edwin 91.15 Hunsaker, Jerome C. 4.24, 10.23, 20.27, 20.37, 37.20. 39.1, 43.5, 43.10-43.11, 43.14, 47.3-47.7, 47.9, 47.12, 47.16, 49.4, 50.9, 51.8, 70.11, 82.1-82.2, 82.4, 82.7-82.11, 82.13, 83.6-83.7, 90.3, 97.3, 98.5, 133.14 Ide, John Jay 9.40, 42.11, 82.5 Ippen, Arthur 38.7, 43.13 Jackson, Henry M. 34.19, 135.4 Jacoby, Kurt 14.27, 20.37, 38.12, 55.12 Jewett, Frank B. 50.8-50.9, 52.4, 52.7, 84.1, 97.6 Johnston, S. Paul 16.3, 34.7, 34.18-34.19, 35.3, 43.6-43.9, 43.12-43.13, 43.15, 48.7, 48.9-48.10, 52.20, 54.7, 62.7, 75.12, 83.5-83.6, 90.5, 115.3 Jones, E. T. 34.13, 34.18, 35.5, 44.1 Junkers, Hugo 8.39, 64.12, 64.14-64.15, 64.17-64.18, 64.20, 110.7 Kampé de Fériet, Joseph 9.40, 43.14, 47.5-47.6, 90.6, 90.8 Kantrowitz, Arthur R. 4.25, 14.29, 35.4, 36.4, 38.2, 45.9, 57.11, 58.3, 87.2-87.5 Kaplan, Joseph 18.20, 38.2, 45.4, 72.16, 73.8, 75.6, 75.24, 90.6, 90.8-90.9, 90.13 Karelitz, George B. 73.1, 94.10, 107.4 Kármán, Josephine De 47.9-47.10, 52.13, 56.3, 56.8 Kármán, (Miklós) Nikolaus von 9.31, 19.5, 67.13, 68.10 Kawanishi, Ryozo 66.10-66.12 Kayan, Carl F. 49.7, 57.22, 75.17 Kayser, Erich 13.7, 66.5-66.10, 66.12, 68.20 Kefauver, Estes 87.6 Kemmer, Paul H. 23.2, 33.13, 39.4, 66.17, 69.3, 84.5-84.6, 87.1, 90.3-90.4, 92.9-92.15, 93.2 Kennedy, John F. 16.40, 35.6, 96.4, 135.4 Killian, James R. 62.1, 79.1, 96.4, 135.4 Kimball, Dan A. 7.24, 45.6, 55.13, 56.2-56.5, 56.7-56.8, 56.10-56.12, 58.10, 63.4, 69.19 Kirkwood, John G. 18.20, 22.39, 34.16-34.17, 50.9 Kistiakowsky, George 35.3-35.5, 50.12, 90.8 Klein, A. L. 16.11, 24.47, 43.14, 47.7, 57.16-57.17, 61.9-61.10, 72.15 Klemin, Alexander 38.14, 41.13, 76.15, 79.23 Klemperer, Wolfgang B. 10.22, 22.18, 34.18, 35.7, 41.9, 43.7, 45.5, 45.9, 50.12, 61.9-61.10, 62.1, 64.12, 87.10, 97.6 Knapp, Robert Talbot 7.2, 12.29, 21.45, 59.9, 68.11, 73.1, 73.8, 79.15, 81.20, 84.2, 91.15-91.16, 94.10, 106.9-106.10, 106.12-106.16, 107.1-107.4, 115.3 Koiter, W. T. 2.44, 46.11, 47.14, 47.16, 48.10, 49.6-49.7, 55.12, 78.8 Kraft, Hans 14.29, 17.6, 19.25, 35.2, 35.6, 36.15, 60.11-60.15 Krick, Irving P. 3.24, 16.23, 44.8, 54.2, 57.12, 70.5, 72.13, 73.1, 73.6, 86.8, 90.3, 97.4-97.5, 97.7-97.9 Kuethe, Arnold M. 3.8, 13.17, 14.48, 43.4, 43.10-43.11, 43.13, 79.23, 86.8, 89.5, 90.7, 97.4, 97.6-97.11, 97.13-97.14, 98.1-98.2, 115.9, 116.7 Lachmann, Gustav V. 16.3, 48.7, 63.5, 78.10 Langmuir, Irving 60.10, 90.5 Laue, Max von 79.19 Lawrence, E. O. 4.3, 5.41 Lees, Lester 70.8, 76.24, 77.5, 81.2, 82.2, 87.2, 115.2 LeMay, Curtis E. 10.1, 35.7, 47.9-47.10, 50.10, 50.12, 76.23, 87.1, 89.5, 90.4-90.6, 90.11-90.12, 135.4 Lessells, John M. 38.12, 38.14-38.16, 39.1, 47.5, 69.21, 81.1 Levi-Civita, Tullio 1.1, 6.25, 42.10-42.13, 47.4-47.5, 79.19 Lewis, George W. 8.18, 14.34, 22.19, 24.7, 33.13, 43.5, 47.4-47.5, 81.1, 81.19, 82.2, 82.5-82.13, 83.1, 83.6-83.7, 84.1, 90.2, 97.1-97.3, 97.7-97.9 Libby, Paul Andrews 18.34, 36.8, 48.8-48.9, 70.8-70.9 Liepmann, Hans W. 18.34, 23.5, 36.15, 60.12, 69.22, 70.8, 75.11, 77.1, 79.23, 82.10, 115.3, 115.9 Lin, Chia-Chiao 13.40, 43.13, 47.16, 48.8-48.9, 50.9, 58.3, 60.12, 70.8, 72.16, 73.2, 76.24, 77.1, 77.3, 115.2 Lockspeiser, Ben 19.6, 49.16-49.17, 50.1 Lorentz, Hendrik A. 42.10-42.11 Löwy, Heinrich 64.14-64.16, 67.1 Lundberg, Bo 22.41, 37.3, 43.15, 48.9, 49.7, 59.16-59.17 Malavard, Lucien 40.2, 43.15, 44.9, 58.3, 60.14, 62.4, 70.13, 77.1, 77.14 Malina, Frank J. 11.19, 20.42, 37.13, 45.3, 45.5, 45.9-45.10, 49.5, 54.2, 56.8, 72.16, 73.2, 73.6-73.7, 92.10, 115.4, 134.26 Malkin, Iaroslav 51.12, 55.12, 75.29, 79.15 Mao, Pang-Chu 40.8 Marble, Frank E. 22.40, 49.5, 73.9, 76.23, 115.2-115.4 Marconi, Guglielmo 52.18 Markham, John R. 34.16, 44.8, 50.12, 69.3, 87.3-87.5, 87.7, 90.4, 90.8, 92.15 Marquardt, Roy E. 2.24, 19.53, 34.15, 67.7 Mason, Max 50.8, 52.4, 72.12, 84.7 McDowell, C. S. ("Sandy") 51.6, 64.2, 64.4, 67.21 Mercier, Jean 39.4, 43.2, 45.9, 62.3, 67.7, 68.15 Michal, Aristotle D. 9.39, 13.7, 69.22 Millán, Gregorio 4.28, 44.9, 49.1, 115.2, 115.10 Millikan, Clark B. 1.31, 2.30, 9.1, 9.19, 9.39, 10.3, 10.19, 11.7, 11.19-11.20, 13.22, 14.48, 16.12, 16.40, 18.15, 18.38, 19.52, 20.9, 20.12, 21.1, 21.8, 21.51, 22.5, 22.40, 25.3, 35.4, 43.4-43.5, 43.12-43.13, 44.6, 47.12, 53.12, 56.2, 56.8, 56.11, 57.16-57.17, 59.17, 61.9-61.10, 62.1, 63.4, 66.17, 67.12, 69.6, 69.22-69.23, 72.9-72.13, 72.15-72.16, 73.1-73.2, 73.5-73.9, 76.23, 80.28, 80.37, 81.19, 82.6-82.13, 83.1, 84.4, 84.8, 91.15, 92.11-92.14, 97.3, 97.8, 97.13, 111.9, 115.3, 115.9, 116.6, 135.4 Millikan, Robert A. 1.24, 3.1, 6.17, 7.28, 7.42, 10.26, 11.19, 11.27, 11.40, 14.13, 15.27, 17.17, 18.38, 19.2, 20.9, 20.25, 21.38, 24.47, 39.1, 44.6, 50.8, 51.8, 52.5, 70.11, 72.10-72.16, 73.5-73.6, 80.1, 81.5, 81.17, 84.1, 84.3, 84.6-84.7, 94.10-94.11, 96.13, 97.1-97.2, 97.4-97.5, 97.8, 98.4, 101.1, 106.9, 106.14, 107.3, 109.15 Millsaps, Knox 43.9, 45.6, 47.16, 63.1, 73.9, 89.8, 90.11, 96.4, 115.2, 116.2 Mises, Richard von 17.10, 18.24, 23.42, 42.11, 47.5-47.6, 55.12, 67.1, 70.11, 79.25, 80.38-80.39 Moe, Henry Allen 5.17, 7.27, 14.39, 18.2, 18.19, 18.26, 21.3, 22.19, 42.1 Moody, Lewis F. 10.6, 55.2, 55.5, 77.5 Moore, Norton B. 58.9, 61.10, 76.12, 80.5, 80.39 Munk, Walter H. 75.8, 116.6 Murrow, Edward R. 44.6, 79.14 Nadai, A. 18.16, 22.18, 38.14, 39.3, 47.4, 69.21 Needham, [Joseph] 54.2 Neugebauer, Otto 37.20 von Neumann, John (Johann, Janos) 49.4, 77.1, 91.18 Neutra, Richard J. 7.10 Noether, Emmy 21.44 Northrop, John K. 11.36, 21.30, 59.13, 64.2, 67.20-67.21, 76.12, 90.6 O'Brien, Morrough P. 11.20, 15.24, 24.30, 38.7, 39.1, 40.6, 43.14, 47.4-47.7, 55.2-55.5, 75.6, 106.9 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 5.18, 23.26, 68.7 Oseen, C. Wilhelm 4.22, 20.36, 22.18, 42.10-42.13, 47.1 Page, Frederick Handley 52.20, 53.2, 63.5 Parcel, John I. 83.3, 87.1-87.2, 87.4, 100.13, 101.1-101.2, 101.4-101.5, 101.8-101.10 Pauling, Linus 18.22, 22.8 Pawlowski, Felix W. 17.12, 41.13, 47.7, 69.22, 73.1, 97.1 Pegram, George B. 3.1, 38.12, 38.14, 70.11, 75.17, 80.1, 116.7 Pekeris, Chaim L. 2.7, 53.12, 78.16 Pérès, Joseph 7.42, 40.6, 45.5, 45.10, 47.4, 47.9-47.10, 49.5-49.6, 49.16-49.17, 50.1, 67.12, 80.18 Pérez-Marín, Antonio 2.29, 43.15, 44.1, 44.8-44.9, 45.4, 48.7-48.9, 49.1-49.2, 67.6, 115.4-115.14, 116.3 Perl, William 5.39, 10.1, 76.23, 77.14, 87.3-87.4 Petterssen, Sverre 23.12, 37.22, 111.13-111.14, 112.1-112.5, 112.7 Pickering, William H. 16.38, 45.6, 56.5, 90.5 Pistolesi, Enrico 6.25, 39.14, 52.16, 83.3 Planck, Max 1.1 Prager, William 8.31, 20.34, 39.3, 47.14, 49.7, 55.12, 70.10, 80.38-80.39, 81.1-81.2, 83.1 Prandtl, Ludwig 13.22, 13.30, 22.16, 41.2, 42.12-42.13, 47.1, 47.4-47.6, 54.12, 109.17 Pritchard, J. Laurence 24.6, 47.3, 52.19-52.20, 116.1 Puckett, Allen E. 62.7, 63.17, 69.22, 73.5-73.6, 76.24, 80.4, 82.12, 84.3-84.4, 87.5, 91.15-91.16 Putnam, Palmer C. 81.18, 84.6, 111.9-111.14, 112.1-112.8, 112.11 Putt, Donald L. 34.7, 34.14, 34.18, 35.6, 36.4, 43.9, 44.1, 59.13, 61.3, 86.10, 87.5-87.7, 89.5, 90.4, 90.6-90.8, 90.10, 90.12-90.13, 92.9, 92.12, 96.6, 115.4 Rabi, I. I. 24.20, 80.14 Raman, C. V. 21.38, 134.32 Richardson, R. G. D. 18.22, 37.20, 70.10-70.11, 80.38-80.39, 81.1, 115.9 Robertson, Howard P. 19.7, 50.10, 73.7, 84.3-84.4, 90.7, 115.9 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 43.5, 43.12, 76.12, 83.10, 84.2 Root, L. Eugene 35.5, 50.12, 66.17, 90.6, 90.9, 115.9 Roy, Maurice 4.3, 34.15, 35.3, 36.10, 39.9, 43.15, 44.1, 44.8, 45.5, 47.9, 48.7-48.9, 49.1, 49.6-49.7, 52.13, 55.12, 57.22, 77.14, 87.9, 90.7 Sänger, Eugen 38.4, 41.9, 44.9, 45.3, 46.7 Sänger-Bredt, Irene 41.9, 45.4, 45.10 Schriever, Bernard A. 3.7, 34.20, 35.5, 35.7-35.8, 37.2, 50.10, 52.15, 86.10, 87.10 Sears, William R. 2.25, 9.10, 11.20, 16.11, 18.27, 18.31, 20.12, 21.9, 22.13, 22.19, 34.19, 38.2, 43.10, 43.13, 49.16-49.17, 50.1, 50.12, 58.8, 61.3, 67.20-67.21, 69.22, 70.8, 72.14-72.16, 75.18, 76.24, 77.1-77.2, 79.18, 87.1, 87.3, 87.5, 87.10, 90.5-90.7, 96.4, 98.1, 111.11-111.14, 112.1-112.2, 112.5, 112.7-112.8, 115.1-115.2, 115.13 Sechler, Ernest E. 2.16, 3.8, 5.16, 10.3, 13.9, 13.17, 19.40, 19.54, 20.13, 20.41, 43.13, 58.3, 73.6-73.7, 78.10, 81.15-81.16, 82.10-82.12, 90.4, 92.9, 115.3 Sedov, Leonid I. 45.4-45.5, 46.7, 48.9 Seeger, Raymond J. 38.2, 86.5, 87.9, 94.9, 94.12, 116.7 Seitz, Frederick 14.27, 35.6, 49.2, 50.10, 84.5 Shapley, Harlow 70.11, 75.23 Shockley, William 34.20, 50.10, 67.13 Singer, Josef 48.7-48.8, 49.16, 50.1, 75.18 Soderberg, C. Richard 28.38, 38.16, 39.1, 43.14, 47.5, 90.4-90.6 Sokolnikoff, I. S. 70.11, 80.38-80.39, 81.1-81.2 Sommerfeld, Arnold 42.11, 61.6 Southwell, Richard V. 24.18, 47.3, 47.12, 49.5 Spinney, Franklin C. 34.17, 34.19-34.20, 35.3, 52.15, 61.1-61.3 Springer, Julius 7.37, 54.12, 69.1 Sproul, Robert G. 21.50, 75.6 Stanton, Frank 28.56, 79.6 Stetson, George A. 21.45, 38.14-38.15, 39.1-39.2, 39.4, 47.9, 80.39 Stever, H. Guyford 28.57, 45.6, 50.10, 67.12, 90.6 Stewart, Homer J. 16.31, 18.14, 20.4, 28.57, 43.13, 50.12, 56.11, 73.1-73.2, 73.5 Strauss, Lewis L. 75.12 Summerfield, Martin 8.27, 36.4, 38.4, 45.5, 45.9-45.10, 46.7, 56.8, 76.24, 77.1-77.3, 95.4, 115.13 Sverdrup, L. John 19.13, 87.1, 87.4-87.7, 87.9-87.10, 100.12-100.13 Swanson, Claude 72.11, 97.5, 97.8, 97.10, 97.12-97.13 Symington, W. Stuart 87.5-87.7, 90.6, 90.13, 94.7 Synge, John L. 18.23, 78.12, 80.38-80.39, 81.1-81.2 Szegö, Gabriel C. (Gábor) 9.24, 11.20, 23.35, 60.15, 79.25, 80.4, 116.6 Szilard, Leo 79.14 Takao, Shigezo 66.4-66.5, 66.10-66.12, 69.17 Taylor, Geoffrey I. 4.25, 43.15, 47.2-47.4, 49.1-49.2, 49.4, 60.15, 77.1, 81.19 Taylor, Hugh S. 4.25, 6.26, 20.29, 44.8, 52.4, 67.12, 69.23, 76.23-76.24, 77.1-77.5, 95.1, 95.3-95.5 Teller, Edward 45.6, 56.5, 56.10, 67.13, 90.11 Thomas, Franklin 9.1, 14.13, 14.44, 30.12, 32.35, 72.9-72.13, 72.15-72.16, 73.1-73.3, 73.6-73.7, 106.9-106.10, 106.13, 107.2 Timoshenko, Stephen P. 7.40, 11.20, 13.4, 22.5, 38.15, 43.14, 47.3-47.6, 47.10, 79.20, 97.1, 111.13 Tollmien, Walter 23.44, 53.3, 115.1, 115.4 Tolman, Richard C. 32.35, 52.5, 72.12, 74.15, 84.1-84.4, 84.6-84.8 Torda, T. Paul 9.2, 36.10, 72.12-72.13, 75.29, 76.1, 80.3, 115.1, 115.4 Troller, Theodor H. ("Ted") 2.40, 14.29, 43.5, 57.20, 61.10, 70.3, 87.10, 90.3-90.4, 96.13, 97.1-97.10, 97.12-97.14, 98.1-98.5, 111.12-111.13, 112.1-112.3, 115.4 Tsien, Hsue-Shen 2.47, 17.39, 43.13, 45.3, 70.8, 77.1, 81.19, 82.10, 82.12, 87.1-87.3, 90.2, 90.5-90.6, 115.9 Twining, Nathan F. 24.48, 34.20, 67.21, 89.5, 90.9-90.10 Urey, Harold C. 31.5, 48.3, 61.3, 91.15 Valletta, Vittorio 10.13, 10.19, 35.9, 59.13, 59.16-59.18 Vandenberg, Hoyt S. 23.12, 87.5-87.6, 90.6-90.9 Van den Dungen, F. H. 46.11, 47.7, 47.16, 49.6-49.7, 54.2, 70.13 Vandenkerckhove, Jean 31.23, 44.9, 47.16, 70.13, 115.13 Van der Maas, Henry J. 31.43, 34.16-34.17, 34.20, 36.8, 39.3, 48.9, 49.16-49.17, 50.1, 78.8, 90.8, 116.3 Van Vleck, J. H. 75.23 Veblen, Oswald 23.34, 91.15 Villat, Henri 5.10, 34.1, 47.9-47.10 Walkowicz, Ted F. 6.3, 10.1, 19.56, 22.43-22.44, 23.3-23.5, 43.7, 59.13, 62.11, 62.14, 63.2, 87.5-87.7, 89.7, 90.5-90.8, 90.10, 90.13, 95.4 Wattendorf, Frank L. 1.45, 2.47, 3.7, 7.2, 7.11, 7.24, 10.17, 10.30, 18.27, 20.21, 20.38, 24.12, 24.37, 34.7, 34.10-34.11, 34.13-34.20, 35.1-35.6, 35.8-35.9, 35.12, 36.6, 36.9, 38.4, 41.7, 43.13, 49.16, 50.12, 58.9, 73.9, 84.6, 84.11, 87.1, 87.5, 87.7-87.8, 90.1, 90.5, 90.10-90.11, 90.14, 92.10, 92.15, 93.1, 97.2-97.3, 97.8 Weaver, Warren 70.11, 81.5, 84.6, 90.4 Westergård, Harald M. 7.1, 12.39, 20.37, 24.29, 32.26, 34.14, 47.4, 76.1, 79.25, 80.39, 81.20 Weyl, Hermann 79.14, 79.19, 80.3 Whipple, Fred L. 45.4, 86.5 Wiener, Norbert 47.5 Wiesner, Jerome B. 16.40, 45.9, 96.4, 135.4 Wigner, Eugene P. 22.35, 78.16 Willaume, Rolland A. 6.25, 9.29, 16.39, 17.46, 19.25, 34.15-34.20, 35.1-35.8, 35.12, 36.4, 36.15, 38.4, 44.9, 45.4, 45.9, 52.13, 53.6, 56.4, 61.2, 62.11-62.12, 73.9, 80.15, 115.1 Wilson, Edwin Bright Jr. 24.27, 32.40, 50.8-50.9, 73.7, 84.6 Woodruff, Glenn B. 33.3, 100.10-100.13, 101.1-101.10 Woods, Baldwin M. 7.40, 21.51, 24.29, 38.14-38.15, 39.1, 43.14, 47.4-47.5, 55.4, 75.6 Wyler, Leopold S. ("Papaleo") 32.17, 69.8, 77.14, 87.5 York, Herbert 5.18 Zisch, William E. 14.29, 38.4, 56.4-56.6, 56.9, 56.11-56.12, 59.14, 59.18, 72.15, 80.14, 81.7, 92.10 Zook George 70.3, 96.13, 97.1-97.3 Zwicky, Fritz 7.42, 73.9, 86.8, 90.3-90.5 Zworykin, Vladimir 33.12, 43.3
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