Guide to the Okhrana records

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Guide to the Okhrana records

26001

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Collection Overview

Table of contents

Description

Intelligence reports from agents in the field and the Paris office, dispatches, circulars, headquarters studies, correspondence of revolutionaries, and photographs, relating to activities of Russian revolutionists abroad. Collection is available on microfilm (509 reels).

Background

Russian Imperial Secret Police (Okhrana), Paris office.

Extent

206 manuscript boxes, 26 scrapbooks, 163,802 biographical and reference cards, 8 linear feet of photographs (108 linear feet)

Restrictions

For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.

Collection Contents

I. History of the Okhrana

II. History of Okhrana abroad

a. Paris office

b. European and other outposts

c. Official rosters and other publications

d. Reorganization of 1913

e. Wartime Okhrana

f. Termination of the Okhrana

III. Organization and structure

a. Policy and functional responsibility

b. Okhrana chiefs and case officers

c. Officials and clerical personnel

d. Use of diplomatic and other status

e. Investigation agents and teams - French and other European

f. Deep cover agents

g. Cover firms

IV. Administrative

a. Budget and financial management

b. Salaries, subsidies, rewards, decorations

c. Expense accounts

d. Receipts and check stubs

e. Correspondence on procedures, instructions, from Headquarters

V. Liaison

a. Policy of the Tsarist regime with regard to national and international security systems

b. Relations with the French Sûreté

c. Relations with Scotland Yard

d. Relations with the German Sicherheit

e. Relations with the Italian Sicurezza

f. Relations with police of other countries

g. Relations with missions abroad

VI.Personnel administration: agents

a. Recruitment of agents: Russian nationals

b. Recruitment of agents: foreign nationals

c. Blackmail in recruitment

d. Handling of agents

e. Backstopping of agents, verification

f. Training and placement of agents

g. Evaluation of agent information

h. Checking on agents with regard to security, behavior, veracity

i. Informers

j. General collection of information prepared by non-Russian agents

k. Important non-Russian agents

l. Purges: dismissal of agents

VII. Positive intelligence

a. Military, political and economic

b. Industrial espionage in Great Britain

c. Wartime political, economic, and other espionage in Germany and Austria

d. Intelligence on military equipment

VIII. Counter-espionage

a. Prior to World War I

b. During World War I

c. Finnish espionage on behalf of Germany

IX. Overt activities

a. Newspaper service, clippings, collection of overt information

b. Influencing local press

c. Cooperation with Russian missions abroad

d. General services, favors

X. Operational techniques

a. Agent documentation

b. Control of photographic studios in Paris

c. Censorship and perlustration

d. Graphological study of handwriting

e. Surveillance

f. Safe houses (clandestine quarters, passwords)

g. Albums of photographs for office and agent use

XI. Penetration and infiltration of opposing groups

a. Double agents

b. Placement of agents into conspiratorial organizations

c. Outstanding cases

XII. Planning intelligence and provocation operations

a. Security operations

b. Direction of provocation by Okhrana chiefs

c. Outstanding provocation cases

XIII. Processing of intelligence

a. Analysis and collation of information (raw reports)

b. Outgoing data

c. Incoming data

d. Headquarters circulars

e. Journals for incoming and outgoing messages

f. Index card system

g. Émigré rosters

h. Rosters of Russian students attending schools abroad

XIV. Communications

a. Pouch systems with home office

b. Correspondence between field installations

c. Code systems

d. Encoded and decoded messages, drafts, worksheets

e. Secret writing

XV. Security of establishments and personnel

a. Physical security of Okhrana establishments and documents

b. Security of agents

c. Methods of checking on the security of agents

d. Security of high personages traveling abroad; physical safety

e. Control of information passed to security organs of other countries

f. Intelligence transmitted to services of other countries

XVI. Target groups

a. History of revolutionary movements

b. Individual groups

c. Congresses and important conferences

d. Cohesion, cleavage, and morale

XVII. Revolutionary leaders

a. Vladimir Il'ich Lenin and Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya

b. Georgii Valentinovich Plekhanov

c. Leon Trotsky

d. Vladimir L'vovich Burtsev

e. Grigory Yevseyevich Zinovyev

f. Pavel Nikolaevich Miliukov and Aleksandr Fyodorovich Kerensky

g. Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov

h. Mikhail Rafailovich Gots

i. Boris Viktorovich Savinkov

j. Roman Malinovskii

k. Aleksandr Antonovich Troianovskii

l. Meer Wallach (Maksim Litvinov)

m. Leonid Borisovich Krasin

n. Other important revolutionaries

o. Counter-intelligence of the revolutionaries (to penetrate the Okhrana)

p. Preparation for staging the revolution

r. Revolutionary press

s. Liaison with European and American revolutionaries

t. Access to the foreign press

u. Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Joseph Stalin)

XVIII. Revolutionary groups of national minorities of the Russian Empire

a. The Jewish Bund

b. The Zionist movement

c. Jewish émigré problems for Russian security abroad

d. Activities in America: finances for Jewish movements

XIX. Polish revolutionaries

XX. Armenian groups

a. Organization and newspapers, nationalist and socialist

b. Intelligence in connection with Tiflis robbery

XXI. Finnish revolutionaries

XXII. Latvians and Lithuanians

XXIII. Ukrainian revolutionaries

a. General

b. Financial and other support from America

XXIV. Revolutionary intelligence and propaganda techniques

a. Intelligence structure and security problems

b. Use of defectors from the Okhrana

c. Penetration of the Okhrana

d. Documentation of revolutionary agents

e. Propaganda outlets

f. Liaison with European leftist groups

g. Early types of communist front organizations among Russian émigrés

h. Smuggling to Russia of arms, publications, and revolutionaries

i. Terrorist techniques: bomb construction, deliveries, planning attacks, liberation of prisoners

j. Training of terrorists and propagandists' schools

k. Infiltration of the armed forces

l. Political action

XXV. Financing of the revolutionaries

a. American support: immigrant groups

b. Russian domestic and foreign sources to aid the revolutionaries

c. Expropriation, counterfeiting, and banditries

d. Extortion and blackmail

XXVI. Communications of the revolutionaries

a. Code systems

b. Secret writing

c. Couriers

d. General

XXVII. Methods of black propaganda, threats, poison pen letters

a. Burtsev's exploitation of the case of Francisco Leone

b. Burtsev's campaign against Garting

c. Exploitation of Kamo's case against Russian and German security organs

d. Threats upon the lives of security personnel, communist intimidation

XXVIII. Miscellaneous

XXIX. Inventories

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