A Register of the Gertrude King papers, 1942-1951
Processed by Supriya Wronkiewicz.
Hoover Institution Archives
Stanford University
Stanford, California 94305-6010
Phone: (650) 723-3563
Fax: (650) 725-3445
Email: archives@hoover.stanford.edu
© 2010
Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved.
A Register of the Gertrude King papers, 1942-1951
Hoover Institution Archives
Stanford University
Stanford, California
- Processed by:
- Supriya Wronkiewicz
- Date Completed:
- 2010
- Encoded by:
- Machine-readable finding aid derived from Microsoft Word and MARC record by Supriya Wronkiewicz.
© 2010 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved.
Collection Summary
Title: Gertrude King papers, 1942-1951
Dates: 1942-1949
Collection Number: 2002C3
Creator: King, Gertrude
Collection Size:
7
(2.8 linear feet)
Repository:
Hoover Institution Archives
Stanford, California 94305-6010
Abstract: The papers primarily consist of correspondence, reports, memoranda, pamphlets, and serial issues, relating to internment of
Japanese Americans during World War II, and to placement of Japanese-American students in colleges. Also includes records
of the National Japanese American Student Relocation Council (NJASRC) and collected materials directly related to the Japanese
American evacuation and relocation.
Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives
Languages:
English
Administrative Information
Access
Collection is open for research.
Access to sound recordings, video recordings, or motion picture material requires at least two weeks advance notice. Please
contact the Hoover Institution Archives for further information.
Publication Rights
For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Gertrude King Papers, 1942-1951, [Box number], Hoover Institution Archives.
Acquisition Information
Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2002.
Accruals
Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find
the collection in Stanford University's online catalog Socrates at
http://library.stanford.edu/webcat . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in Socrates is larger than the number of boxes
listed in this finding aid.
Related Materials
Thomas Ray Bodine Papers, 1941-1982, Hoover Institution Archives
John W. Nason Papers, 1921-2001, Hoover Institution Archives
National Japanese American Student Relocation Council Records, 1942-1946, Hoover Institution Archives
Separated Materials
The issues of the following publications have been separated from the collection due to duplication in the Hoover Institution
Library:
Communique;
Denison Tribune;
Granada Pioneer;
Manzanar Free Press;
Pacific Citizen;
The Rohwer Outpost;
Topaz Times;
The Tulare News.
Historical Note
In the three months following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and the subsequent declaration of war
on Japan and its allies, restrictions on Japanese Americans went into effect. Earlier restrictions first curtailed the activities
of Japanese Americans, culminating with Executive Order #9066, where President Franklin Roosevelt authorized relocation of
West Coast based Japanese Americans, immigrants and citizens alike. As a result, Japanese American students in the areas
directly impacted by Executive Order #9066 were forced to withdraw from universities and colleges in which they were enrolled.
In response, a student relocation committee consisting of members from the national Young Men's and Young Women's Christian
Association, West Coast college and university presidents, and other educators formed to assist Japanese American students
already enrolled in higher education so that they could continue their studies. Within two months, the War Relocation Authority
authorized the formation of a nationwide committee to address the issues facing Japanese American students that were pursuing
or wished to pursue higher education. As a result, on May 29, 1942, the National Japanese American Student Relocation Council
[NJASRC] officially formed.
Within the NJASRC, the front line of student relocation and assistance was the Permit Department. This department assisted
students in securing permits to leave their assigned relocation center in order to attend school. The Permit Department also
worked directly with the students and universities to place qualified students in schools best suited to their needs, within
communities where they were least likely to face extreme prejudice and persecution.
One of the most vocal and active members of this department was supervisor Gertrude (Trudy) King (1916-1969). During her
time with NJASRC (June 1942-April 1944), Trudy King made a lasting impression on her colleagues and the students she helped
to relocate, as evidenced by the extensive correspondence with both sets of individuals during and following her time in the
NJASRC, even past the point when the NJASRC closed its doors in June 30, 1946.
Additional information regarding Gertrude King and the NJASRC was obtained from
From Concentration Camp to Campus: Japanese American Students and World War II, by Allan W. Austin, University of Illinois Press, ©2004.
Scope and Content of Collection
The Gertrude King Papers primarily consist of correspondence, reports, memoranda, pamphlets, and serial issues, relating to
the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, and to placement of Japanese-American students in colleges. The
papers also include records of the National Japanese American Student Relocation Council (NJASRC) and collected materials
directly related to the Japanese American evacuation and relocation.
Gertrude King joined the NJASRC less than two months after its formation on May 29, 1942 and remained until April 1944. During
that time and in the years following, King maintained correspondence with several of her colleagues within the NJASRC and
outside of it. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence between King, her colleagues within the NJASRC, various
individuals and groups that worked with NJASRC, colleges and universities, government organizations, relocation centers, and
students. Along with correspondence both of an official and personal nature, the collection also includes several administrative
and procedural documents for the NJASRC, including reports, college and student information lists, newsletters, memoranda,
procedures, and personal notes regarding her work with the students directly and within the organization.
King also collected materials and documents relevant to the agencies she worked with her role in with NJASRC as well as materials
related to the Japanese American evacuation and relocation during World War II and in the months immediately following.
The original order of the materials as they were when initially acquired was retained as much as possible. The final arrangement
for the papers is as follows:
Correspondence, National Japanese American Student Relocation Council Records, and Subject File and Collected Documents.
Indexing Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog.
National Japanese American Student Relocation Council.
Japanese Americans--Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945.
World War, 1939-1945--United States.
World War, 1939-1945--Education and the war.
Collection Contents
Box: 1-3
Correspondence
1942-1951
Scope and Content Note
Letters, both handwritten and typewritten primarily of a personal nature from relocated students other colleagues working
with and part of the National Japanese American Student Relocation Council; includes postcards, greetings cards, and 1 envelope
of photographs. Materials are arranged alphabetically by correspondent. If a last name is not available, arrangement was
made by first name.
Box/Folder: 1 : 3
Blumental-Bennett, Martha,
1942-1950
Box/Folder: 1 : 4
Emlen, Betty,
circa 1945-1947, undated
Box/Folder: 1 : 5
Cosgrave Margaret,
circa 1942-1946, undated
Box/Folder: 1 : 7
Fukushima, Tosh,
1946-1947
Box/Folder: 1 : 8
Handa, Connie,
circa 1946-1951
Box/Folder: 1 : 9
Hata, Mari,
1948, undated
Box/Folder: 1 : 10
Hayashi, Terri,
1950, undated
Box/Folder: 1 : 11
Hiroaka, Chiyo,
1946-1949
Box/Folder: 1 : 12
Inouye, Mary,
1946-1951, undated
Box/Folder: 1 : 13
Ishida, Gladys,
1948-1949, undated
Box/Folder: 1 : 15
Lee, Minnie,
circa 1944-1947
Box/Folder: 1 : 17
Murase, Ken,
1950, undated
Box/Folder: 1 : 18
Megillian, Mary,
1944, 1950
Box/Folder: 1 : 19-20
Nagatani, Kimi,
1943-1950
Box/Folder: 1 : 21
Nishimoto, Katsuma,
1944-1945
Box/Folder: 2 : 2-3
Oshiki, Kaz,
circa 1943-1948
Box/Folder: 2 : 4
Ota, Lillian,
circa 1943-1944
Box/Folder: 2 : 7
Rhoads, Esther,
1942, 1948, undated
Box/Folder: 2 : 11
Stevens, Ken and Stevens, Dottie,
circa 1942-1947
Box/Folder: 2 : 12
Stevenson, Bill,
circa 1942-1947
Box/Folder: 2 : 15
Sugiyama, Bill,
1944-1945
Box/Folder: 2 : 17-18
Watanabe, Frank,
circa 1943-1950, undated
Box/Folder: 2 : 21
Yamada, Tamaichi,
1942,
undated
Box/Folder: 2 : 22
Yamashita, Kay,
circa 1944-1948
Box/Folder: 3 : 1
Miscellaneous correspondence,
1942-1949,
undated
Scope and Content Note
Includes an envelope with greeting cards and postcards
Box : 3-6
National Japanese American Student Relocation Council (NJASRC) Records
1942-1949
Scope and Content Note
Letters, administrative materials and forms, writings, lists, memoranda, reports, minutes of meetings, and documents generated
for the organization and by the organization. The bulk of this material consists of correspondence within the organization
and with entities working with the organization such as similar organization, local and state government offices, church groups,
colleges and universities, and the students seeking relocation at all stages of the relocation process.
Arranged into the following subseries, Internal Correspondence; General Correspondence; Colleges, Universities, and Academic
Professionals Correspondence; Student Correspondence; Miscellany Correspondence; Materials and Procedures.
Box : 3-4
Internal Correspondence,
circa 1942-1945
Box/Folder: 3 : 10
American Baptist Home Mission Society,
1942-1944
Box/Folder: 3 : 11
American Friends Service Committee,
1942-1944
Box/Folder: 3 : 12
Art Students League of New York,
1942-1943
Box/Folder: 3 : 13
Churches and Other Religious Organizations,
1942-1943
Box/Folder: 3 : 14
Friends General Conference,
1942-1943
Box/Folder: 4 : 1
Local city, county, and state correspondence,
1942-1943
Scope and Content Note
Usually pertaining to community acceptance of incoming students
Box/Folder: 4 : 2
Haines, Ruth,
1942, undated
Box/Folder: 4 : 4
Relocation Centers,
1942-1943
Box/Folder: 4 : 5
Relocation Centers,
1942-1943
Scope and Content Note
Includes information specifically pertaining to Manzanar and correspondence from counselor Helen Ely
Box/Folder: 4 : 6
Various groups/individuals pertaining to funding and community support,
1942-1943
Box/Folder: 4 : 7
Various organizations,
1943
Box/Folder: 4 : 8-14
War Relocation Authority,
1942 August-1943 November
Box/Folder: 4 : 15
Wartime Civil Control Administration,
1942
Box/Folder: 4 : 16
Young Mens/Women's Christian Association,
1942-1943
Box : 4
Colleges, Universities, and Academic Professionals Correspondence,
circa 1942-1943
Box/Folder: 5
Student Correspondence,
1942-1946
Box/Folder: 5 : 1-5
Incoming correspondence,
1942-1946, undated
Scope and Content Note
Also includes excerpts from letters sent by students and letters pertaining to students
Box/Folder: 5 : 6-9
Outgoing correspondence,
1942-1944 January
Box/Folder: 5 : 10
Letters to students from colleges and universities,
1942-1943
Box/Folder: 5 : 11
Miscellany Correspondence,
1942-1944, undated
Box : 5-6
Office Records and Procedures,
1942-1946
Box/Folder: 5 : 12
Administrative procedures,
circa 1942
Box/Folder: 5
College lists and information,
circa 1942-1944
Box/Folder: 5 : 13
Approved colleges,
circa 1942-1944
Scope and Content Note
Includes lists of colleges approved by the Army and Navy
Box/Folder: 5 : 14-15
College information sheets,
1943 February-1944 January
Box/Folder: 6 : 1
Colleges submitted for and pending approval,
circa 1942-1943
Box/Folder: 6 : 2
Lists of colleges favorable to Japanese students,
circa 1942-1943, undated
Box/Folder: 6 : 3
Lists of colleges with accepted Japanese students,
circa 1942, undated
Box/Folder: 6 : 4
Statistics and information pertaining to student placement in colleges,
circa 1942-1944, undated
Scope and Content Note
Includes map titled "Nisei students in colleges and universities outside restricted areas : 1941-1943"
Box/Folder: 6 : 5
Documents generated for or by NJASRC,
circa 1942-1946
Scope and Content Note
Includes "Final Audit of Japanese American Student Relocation Council, 1946", information regarding NJASRC projects and other
statistics
Box/Folder: 6 : 6
Forms and pamphlets for student council use,
1942, undated
Box/Folder: 6 : 7
Minutes of meetings,
1942-1945
Scope and Content Note
Includes minutes of Council meetings, 1944-1945, Plenary meeting, 1943, and Executive Committee meetings, 1942, 1945
Box/Folder: 6 : 8
Memoranda,
circa 1942-1945
Scope and Content Note
Includes memoranda sent between NJASRC staff, groups within NJASRC, and NJASRC as a whole
Box/Folder: 6 : 10
Reference and personal notes pertaining to students and/or NJASRC,
circa 1942-1943
Box/Folder: 6 : 12
Student lists,
circa 1942-1943
Scope and Content Note
Includes lists of students who have been either FBI or Department of War approved, accepted in college, which students have
permits and which students are still waiting for permits
Box : 6-7
Subject File and Collected Documents
1942-1945
Box/Folder: 6 : 13
American Civil Liberties Union,
1942-1945
Scope and Content Note
Includes memoranda, monthly bulletins, and copies of Civil Liberties Quarterly
Box/Folder: 6 : 14
American Friends Service Committee,
1942-1945, undated
Scope and Content Note
Includes publications, information bulletins, memoranda, newsletters, and correspondence
Box/Folder: 6 : 16
Committee on the Resettlement of Japanese Americans,
1945, undated
Box/Folder: 7 : 1
Executive Order #9066, 1942 February 19; Executive Order 9102, 1942 March 18;
Text of White House Statement on Treatment of Persons of Japanese Ancestry,
1942-1943
Box/Folder: 7 : 2
Extracts from the Testimony of J. Edgar Hoover Before the Subcommittee of the Committee of the Appropriations House of Representatives, 1943, February 18,
Evidence of Americanism Among Japanese Americans, 1943, July 7
1943
Box/Folder: 7 : 3
Japanese American evacuation and relocation,
1942-1944, undated
Scope and Content Note
includes articles, pamphlets and small publications
Box/Folder: 7 : 4
Midget Tribune,
1944-1945
Box/Folder: 7 : 5
O'Brien, Robert,
1943-1944
Box/Folder: 7 : 6-7
Relocation center generated documents,
1943-1944
Scope and Content Note
arranged alphabetically by relocation center
Box/Folder: 7 : 8
Statements regarding Japanese American loyalty,
circa 1942-1943
Box/Folder: 7 : 9-10
War Relocation Authority,
1942-1943
Box/Folder: 7 : 11
Miscellany,
1943-1944,
undated
